Driving and transportation.

Converting your Pakistani licence.

If you hold a valid Pakistani driving licence, you can usually convert it to a Saudi one without retaking the practical test, provided you apply within the first months of your iqama and the licence meets the documentation requirements.

The typical process: get your Pakistani licence translated into Arabic and attested at the Saudi embassy in Islamabad before you travel, or use an accredited translation office in Saudi Arabia after arrival. Then book an appointment at the Saudi Driving School (Dallah, Saudi Driving School in Riyadh, or one of the major driving schools in your city) through their app or Absher.

At the appointment, you typically need: original Pakistani licence, attested translation, original iqama, eye test (done on the spot), passport-style photographs, and the relevant fees. After verification, the Saudi licence is usually issued the same day or within a few working days.

If you do not have a Pakistani licence.

First-time drivers go through a Saudi driving school course. This includes hours of theory classes, simulator sessions, on-road practice, and a final test. Costs range from approximately SAR 2,000 to SAR 4,000 depending on the school and package. Schools generally have English and Urdu speaking instructors. Be honest about your experience level, the test is strict.

Buying or leasing a car.

Once you have a Saudi licence, you can register a car in your name. New car purchase is straightforward through dealerships. Used cars are typically transferred through Absher and the Tawakkul system. Always check the car's history on the Absher app before buying, every car has a record of accidents, fines and ownership transfers.

Leasing (operating lease or finance lease) is popular among professionals who do not want the hassle of ownership. Many banks and dedicated leasing companies offer deals. Read the contract for early termination fees, insurance, and maintenance scope.

Car insurance is mandatory. Third-party insurance is the minimum legal requirement; comprehensive cover is strongly recommended given Saudi road conditions and the cost of repairs.

Driving on Saudi roads.

Saudi highways are excellent, often eight to ten lanes, with strict speed limits enforced by extensive camera networks. Speed cameras are visible and ticketed instantly through SAHER. Fines for speeding, running red lights, mobile phone use while driving, and seatbelt violations are significant and add up fast.

Check your fines regularly on Absher and pay them promptly. Unpaid fines can block car registration renewals, exit visas, and even your iqama renewal in some cases.

Driving etiquette: defensive driving is essential, particularly in Riyadh and Jeddah where lane discipline can be unpredictable. The left lane is for overtaking, not cruising. Indicators are used loosely. Truck traffic on inter-city highways is heavy, plan accordingly.

Ride-hailing and public transport.

Uber and Careem operate in all major cities. Careem also offers car rental, food delivery, and corporate accounts. Local options include Jeeny and Kaiian, which can be cheaper in certain cities.

Public transport is improving. Riyadh now has an operational metro and bus network with comprehensive coverage. Jeddah has a growing bus system. Dammam and Khobar rely mostly on cars and ride-hailing. The Haramain High Speed Rail connects Madinah, Makkah, Jeddah and KAEC, with comfortable trains and reasonable fares.

Fuel and tolls.

Fuel is sold at government-regulated prices, comparable to other Gulf countries. Petrol stations are everywhere, and most accept mada and credit cards. Some Saudi highways and bridges have tolls, paid through the SAHER system linked to your car plate.

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